3 Currently available versions of absinthe boast of thujone inclusion-in one case at 8-9 ppm (still within the European Commission upper limit of 10 ppm 9). 3 The thujone content of old absinthe was about 0.26 g/l (260 ppm) 8 and 350 ppm when the thujyl alcohol from the wormwoods is included. Quantitatively speaking this is justified, though thujyl alcohol (wormwood), as well as pinocamphone (hyssop) and fenchone (fennel), can precipitate convulsions if used in large enough amounts. 7 The essential oils were first implicated, then specifically wormwood, and finally one chemical, thujone. The plant products in absinthe varied among manufacturers, the only universal components being alcohol and wormwood essence.Ĭonvulsions resembling epilepsy were observed in humans and induced in animals with toxic doses of absinthe. The process was completed by a further extraction of dried Roman wormwood ( A pontica), hyssop, and lemon balm and then filtration to yield a clear, green liqueur of 74% alcohol. The next day water was added, the concoction boiled, and the distillate (alcohol plus steam distilled terpenoids) collected. The alcohol concentration of diluted absinthe was thus not greater than that of other spirit based drinks.Ībsinthe was classically manufactured from dried wormwood ( Artemisia absinthium), anise, and fennel, which were steeped overnight in 85% (by volume) ethanol. This louche effect is retained in modern absinthe substitutes (pastis, such as Pernod and Ricard), which are rich in anise but contain no thujone. As the alcohol concentration drops, the terpenoids come out of solution to form a yellow opalescence. Toulouse-Lautrec mixed his absinthe with brandy, but the traditional method was to take about 30 ml of the bitter liqueur in a special glass and to add about five volumes of cold water, trickled over a sugar cube on a slotted spoon. 6 His case illustrates the importance of lifestyle, underlying illness, and the individual response. 3 Van Gogh probably had acute intermittent porphyria-a working hypothesis 5 compatible with the documented porphyrogenicity of the terpenoids in absinthe as well as ethanol. 3 The illness of Vincent van Gogh was certainly exacerbated by excessive drinking of absinthe, 4 and one of his six major crises was precipitated by drinking. Many creative artists had their lives touched by absinthe (Toulouse-Lautrec, Oscar Wilde, Picasso). Although never as popular in Britain, the fashion of mixed drinks with a “spot” or “kick” of absinthe was reported in London as late as 1930. 1 It became an icon of “la vie de bohème,” and in fin-de-siècle Paris l'heure verte (the green hour) was a daily event. Between 18 French consumption of the liquor increased 15-fold. Originally formulated in Switzerland, absinthe became most popular in 19th century France. But is absinthe a special problem or simply part of a general concern about excessive alcohol consumption? Since 1998 several varieties of absinthe have again been available in Britain-from bars, stores, and mail order. Having been banned in many countries in the early 20th century, its newly fashionable image, combined with global purchasing opportunities through the internet, has brought its revival. The owners of the trademark and the image are acknowledged.Absinthe, the emerald green liqueur associated with excess, is back in business. The source of the file is listed under the image. This image was obtained from a manufacturer's website or an online business selling that product. Use of this non-free image of a proprietary product is not an endorsement of that product nor of the internet business from which the image was obtained.Is not being used in misleading or misrepresentative manner. Does not deprive company of ability to make money in any way.Serves to demonstrate the product being discussed rather than being used in a solely decorative manner.Is being used to demonstrate the product and/or its marketing.a "mechanical" reproduction, whether by scanner or camera) would likely have the same restrictions. If this is a promotional image from the company, then any "user-supplied" image whose sole purpose was clearly to represent the same copyrighted box/item art (and nothing else, and with no significant artistic input- i.e.This image meets the following non-free use criteria: Fair use Fair use of a non-free product cover //en./wiki/File:Absinthe-original.jpg
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